The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, providing stability and allowing a wide range of motion. Because of this, however, it is more prone to injuries, such as a rotator cuff shoulder tear.
The injury refers to a tear in one or more tendons of the rotator cuff, which can be caused by a variety of reasons. This injury usually affects people involved in activities with repetitive overhead movements or people who have suffered a fall or direct impact to the shoulder.
The rotator cuff is made up of four tendons, namely the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus, the subscapularis and the teres minor, which work together to stabilize the shoulder joint. When one or more of these tendons tear, it is called a rotator cuff tear. Ruptures fall into two main categories: partial rupture in which the tendon is damaged but not completely teared, and complete rupture where the tendon is completely teared or detached from the bone.
The causes of rotator cuff tear
A rotator cuff tear can be the result of several conditions such as:
- Injury: sudden exertion of force or an impact to the shoulder, such as from a fall or direct hit, can lead to a rupture of the rotator cuff tendons.
- Overuse and degeneration: repetitive overhead movements, excessive lifting or gradual wear and tear over time can weaken the tendons and make them more prone to rupture.
- Age: As we age, the chances of injury due to tendon degeneration increase.
Symptoms of rotator cuff tear
The most common symptoms of a rotator cuff tear include:
- Pain in the shoulder, especially when lifting or moving the arm.
- Weakness in the shoulder and difficulty performing tasks involving overhead movements.
- Limited range of motion in the shoulder joint.
- A 'clicking' sensation when moving the shoulder.
Diagnosis and treatment
The diagnostic process involves taking a complete medical history and clinical examination and imaging tests such as x-rays, ultrasound or MRI may be requested.
The treatment approach for a rotator cuff tear depends on the severity of the tear, the patient's general health and activity level.
Treatment of rotator cuff tear of the shoulder may include both conservative and surgical methods. Conservative methods may include rest, a physical therapy program, as well as intra-articular injections of PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) - a new and promising method in the repair of partial tears. Also in cases with a partial rupture, medication is also administered. However, in cases of complete rupture or failure of conservative methods, surgical treatment is necessary.
Surgical treatment options for rotator cuff tears include:
- Arthroscopic repair: This minimally invasive procedure involves the use of a microscopic camera and small tools to reconnect the ruptured tendon to the bone. It offers several advantages, including smaller incisions, reduced pain, faster recovery and improved results.
- Open repair: in cases of larger or more complex tears, an open surgical approach may be needed. This involves making a larger incision to directly access and repair the torn tendon.
- Tendon transfer: In some cases where the rotator cuff tendon is severely damaged or cannot be salvaged, a tendon transfer procedure can be performed. This involves the use of nearby tendons to replace the damaged tendon and restore shoulder function.
Tips for preventing a rotator cuff tear in the shoulder
Rotator cuff tear of the shoulder can be prevented with a few simple tips:
- Perform regular shoulder strengthening exercises to maintain muscle balance and stability.
- Avoid repetitive overhead activities or modify techniques to minimize shoulder strain.
- Practice proper lifting techniques, using your legs and core muscles to reduce shoulder strain.
- Take breaks and rest between activities that involve repetitive shoulder movements.
- Warm up adequately before engaging in physical activities and incorporate stretching exercises to improve flexibility.
A rotator cuff tear can significantly affect shoulder function and cause persistent pain and weakness. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help restore shoulder stability, function and improve quality of life.
To learn more about rotator cuff tear of the shoulder, contact us at 0030211 - 4057040 or 00306949196061 and orthopedikos-papagiannopoulos.gr and make an appointment.
