Spinal stenosis is a common but potentially debilitating condition that affects the spinal column, causing narrowing and compression of the nerves and the spinal cord. This stenosis can lead to a range of symptoms including pain, weakness and tingling (numbness).
Spinal stenosis: causes
Spinal stenosis refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal, which is the central open space within the spine that houses and protects the spinal cord and nerves. This stenosis can occur due to several factors, such as:
- Degenerative changes: The most common cause of spinal stenosis is age-related degeneration, such as intervertebral disc disruption and the development of bony osteophytes.
- Disc herniation: Discs that protrude or herniate into the spinal canal can cause compression of nerves.
- Thickened ligaments: Over time, the ligaments within the spine can thicken due to degeneration and narrow the spinal canal.
- Tumors: Abnormal tumors in or near the spinal canal can lead to stenosis.
Spinal stenosis: symptoms
Symptoms of spinal stenosis can vary depending on the location and severity of the stenosis. Common symptoms include:
- Back pain, often radiating to the gluteal region and legs (in lumbar stenosis) or to the neck, shoulders and arms (in cervical stenosis).
- Numbness or tingling in the limbs.
- Muscle weakness or cramps.
- Difficulty walking (such as so-called intermittent claudication) in maintaining balance.
- (such as so-called intermittent claudication) in maintaining balance.
Symptoms may be aggravated during periods of prolonged standing or walking and may improve with sitting or leaning forward, as these positions temporarily open up the space of the spinal canal.
Diagnosis and treatment of spinal stenosis
Diagnosis of spinal stenosis begins with a detailed medical history and physical examination by an orthopedic or neurosurgeon. The doctor may also request imaging tests, such as X-rays, MRIs or CT scans, to visualize the spinal canal and identify any stenosis or structural abnormalities.
Treatment of spinal stenosis depends on the severity of the symptoms and the impact on the patient's daily life. Initially conservative treatments may be recommended which may include:
- Physiotherapy: Targeted exercises to strengthen core muscles, improve flexibility and relieve pressure on nerves.
- Medication: Over the counter medication or medication that should be prescribed by a doctor, in order to manage pain and inflammation.
- Epidural steroid injections: Corticosteroids given by injection into the epidural space to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
However, if conservative treatments prove ineffective or if the condition worsens, surgery may be considered. Surgical options for spinal stenosis include:
- Decompression surgery: procedures such as a facetectomy and wide pedicle decompression are performed to remove the bones, ligaments or discs that compress the nerves or spinal cord. In more severe cases, spinal fusion may also be performed to stabilize the spine and prevent further stenosis.
Spinal stenosis is a condition that affects many people, especially as they get older. While it can cause discomfort and interfere with daily life, proper diagnosis and early treatment can significantly improve the quality of life of patients. Whether through conservative methods or surgery, there are effective options for managing spinal stenosis and helping patients regain mobility and comfort.
To learn more about spinal stenosis, contact us at 0030211 - 4057040 or 00306949196061 and orthopedikos-papagiannopoulos.gr and make an appointment.
