Bunion, scientifically known as hallux valgus, is a deformity of the foot that presents as a bony bump at the base of the big toe. This condition not only affects the aesthetic appearance and appearance of the foot, but also causes significant pain and discomfort, affecting a person's ability to walk and perform daily activities comfortably.
What is a bunion?
Bunion results from misalignment of the first metatarsal bone and the big toe. The big toe gradually bends towards the other toes, causing the joint at its base to protrude outwards and form a bony bump.
Causes of bunions
The exact cause of bunion has not been clarified, however many factors can contribute. The most common ones are:
- Genetics. Having a family history of bunion increases the likelihood of developing the condition.
- Inappropriate footwear. Narrow or high-heeled shoes put excessive pressure on the toes and may be responsible for the bunion.
- Anatomy of the foot. Possible abnormal foot mechanics may predispose individuals to developing bunions.
- Medical conditions and diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and various activities that put excessive pressure on the feet can also contribute to the development of hallux valgus.
Symptoms accompanying the bunion
Hallux valgus symptoms are different from patient to patient and vary in number and intensity. The symptoms most commonly reported include:
- Visible bump at the base of the big toe.
- Pain and tenderness in the area around the ball of the foot.
- Redness and swelling around the affected joint.
- The big toe may become stiff, affecting mobility.
- Calluses, especially in the area where the toes rub together.
Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination and imaging tests to determine the degree of toe deformity and to evaluate any changes in the structure of the foot.
How is the shank treated?
Bunion can be treated with both conservative and surgical methods, depending on the severity of each case.
Non-surgical options include the use of appropriate shoes with a wide sole, arch support and adequate space to relieve pressure on the bunion. Also, customized orthotic devices can help distribute pressure evenly throughout the foot, reducing symptoms. To manage pain and inflammation, medication may also be needed, with the doctor's approval.
When conservative treatment methods fail to relieve pain or in cases with severe deformity, surgery may be the most appropriate option. Depending on the severity and nature of the deformity, there are various surgical options available.
- Osteotomy: Involves incision and then alignment of the joint to correct the angle of the toe.
- Exostomy: Removal of the bony lump in the toe joint.
- Arthrodesis: Usually performed in severe cases of arthritis or when other surgical procedures have failed.
The surgical technique to be used in each case depends on the severity of the patient's condition and the treatment plan that will be decided after discussion with the treating physician. The post-operative course may include the use of a protective shoe and limited weight bearing on the area. Physiotherapy may also be required to restore strength and range of motion.
Prevention tips for arthritis
Although not all cases of Hallux Valgus can be prevented, especially those caused by genetic factors, certain measures can reduce the risk:
- Avoid narrow and high-heeled shoes.
- Proper hygiene and care of the feet and regular check-ups for signs of pressure or irritation.
- Strengthening and stretching exercisesfor the feet can reduce the risk of deformity.
Bunion is a progressive condition that can lead to significant discomfort and reduced mobility if not treated properly. With the right combination of preventive care, conservative management and, when necessary, surgical intervention, patients can find relief from uncomfortable symptoms and improve their quality of life.
To find out more about how you can treat the bunion contact us at 6943903343 (secretariat) or 6949196061 (doctor) and at orthopedikos-papagiannopoulos.gr and make an appointment.
